Start within 5 to 10 minutes post-workout...... beverage provides protein and micronutrients.

whey protein......
-- includes cysteine.......which increases glutathione
-- gluthatione increased more with whey protein
-- better increase in insulin compared to caseinate
-- better muscle protein synthesis in whey compared to caseinate
-- higher blood levels of essential amino acids in whey compared to caseinate
-- higher blood levels of leucine in whey compared to caseinate

The two main whey proteins......a-lactalbumin and ß-lactoglobulin.

--- enhances neutrophil function, increases lymphocytes

--- enhances macrophage function

alpha-lactalbumin.....
--- high tryptophan content has neurological impact

-- contains tripeptide [Glycine-Leucine-Phenylalanine]

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"These data indicate that liquid carbohydrate plus essential amino acid ingestion enhances muscle anabolism following resistance training to a greater extent than either CHO or EAA consumed independently. The synergistic effect of liquid carbohydrate plus essential amino acid ingestion maximises the anabolic response......"
 
S.P. Bird, K.M. Tarpenning, F.E. Marino
Independent and combined effects of liquid carbohydrate/essential amino acid ingestion on hormonal and muscular adaptations following resistance training in untrained men
European Journal of Applied Physiology.....Volume 97 #2......May 2006....page 225 - 238