“The Cluster Randomized Trial of PSA Testing for Prostate Cancer reported no effect of prostate-specific antigen screening on prostate cancer mortality at a median 10-year follow-up…..”

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“….evaluate the effect of a single invitation for PSA screening on prostate cancer–specific mortality at a median 15-year follow-up compared with no invitation for screening.”

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“….men aged 50 to 69 years identified at 573 primary care practices in England and Wales.”

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“…..randomized between September 25, 2001, and August 24, 2007, and men were enrolled between January 8, 2002, and January 20, 2009.”

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“Follow-up was completed on March 31, 2021.”

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“Men received a single invitation for a PSA screening test with subsequent diagnostic tests if the PSA level was 3.0 ng/mL or higher. The control group received standard practice (no invitation).”

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“….415,357 eligible men, 98% were included in these analyses.”

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“Overall, 12,013 and 12,958 men with a prostate cancer diagnosis were in the intervention and control groups, respectively….”

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“At a median 15-year follow-up, 1199 men in the intervention group and 1451 men in the control group died of prostate cancer…”

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“Compared with the control, the PSA screening intervention increased detection of low-grade 2.2% vs 1.6%; and localized 3.6% vs 3.1% disease but not intermediate, high-grade, locally advanced, or distally advanced tumors.”

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“There were 45,084 all-cause deaths in the intervention group 23.2% and 50,336 deaths in the control group 23.1%-23.5%. Eight of the prostate cancer deaths in the intervention group (0.7%) and 7 deaths in the control group (0.5%) were related to a diagnostic biopsy or prostate cancer treatment.”

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“In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, a single invitation for PSA screening compared with standard practice without routine screening reduced prostate cancer deaths at a median follow-up of 15 years. However, the absolute reduction in deaths was small.”

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R.M. Martin, et al

Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening and 15-Year Prostate Cancer Mortality:

A Secondary Analysis of the CAP Randomized Clinical Trial

Journal Of The American Medical Association — Volume 331 #17 — May 7, 2024 — page 1460