“Increased microglial/macrophage transcripts are found in the midbrains of people with a neuroinflammatory subtype of schizophrenia.”

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“…..it is unknown in which immune cell population these transcripts are mostly expressed, nor do we know if transcriptional changes in microglial/macrophage markers are also found in the midbrain of neuroinflammatory bipolar disorder.”

“Our findings strengthen the contention that microglia and macrophages are activated in schizophrenia and disrupted in bipolar disorder midbrains of high-inflammatory subgroups.”

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“This suggests that optimal immune-based treatments targeting schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients may differ when restoring microglial function during inflammation.”

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G.Mendez-Victoriano, et al

Midbrain microglial and macrophage mRNAs distinguish neuroinflammatory schizophrenia from bipolar disorder

Brain, Behvior, and Immunity — Volume 134 — May 2026